First the Department of Pediatrics was organized on December 8, 1939.
In 1941 from the medical faculty to the pediatric faculty was transferred 8 students and in 1943 the department released the first graduation of pediatricians.

The Department of Hospital Pediatrics was organized in 1952, the Department of Faculty Pediatrics in 1953. These chairs were headed by the honored doctor of the Kazakh SSR, professor Avenirova A.I.

The first teachers of the department were associate professors : I.Vovnyanko, E. Treilikh, A. Medvedeva, the doctors -N.Yarochkina, S.Zhujko, F.Hasanova, L.Spivak, N.Lvov. The first graduate PhD students were VA Lebedeva, A.Sh.Ismagilova, A.M.Tolmanova, G.A. Balakhonova, who finished their PhD works and became assistantsof Department, associate professors of pediatric departments.

From 1971 to 1991 the Department of Hospital Pediatrics was headed by the Honored Doctor of the Kazakh SSR, Professor NA Barlybaeva.
In 1991 the Department of Childhood Diseases No. 1 and since 1999 the joint chair of Children’s diseases was headed by the Honored Doctor of the Kazakh SSR, Professor B. Kh. Khabizhanov.

Since 1999 the Department of Pediatric Diseases of the Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Polyclinic Pediatrics, which previously functioned separately, entered to the Department of Children’s Diseases. The last two departments in 2003 and 2006 again were separated into independent.

Simultaneously, in 1992 the Department of Internship for Pediatricians was organized, which later became the Department of Children’s Diseases. From the day of its foundation until September 2010, the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Mazhitova.
Since 2011-2012 the head of the Department of Children’s Diseases №1 was doctor of medical sciences Orynbasarova K.К.

From 2014 to 2016 years the Department of internship and residency in pediatrics No. 2 was headed by Ph.D. Nurgalieva Zh.Zh.
The Department of Internship and Residency in Pediatrics No. 2 is the successor of the faculty departments and hospital pediatrics. The teaching and clinical base of the department is the Scientific Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of Ministry of Health.

At the same time, the teachers of the Department trains students both as at the base of clinical hospitals and the multifunctional regional hospitals.
An important investigation in the history of the department and the entire national pediatrics was the publication in 1997 of the first book on Kazakh language “Balalaraurulary”, in 2005 the book “Pediatrics” under the authorship of prof. B. Kh. Khabizhanov and assistant professor, S. Khamzin, not so long the Department has released the 3rd edition of the book on kazakh language, approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Department developed 12 standard programs for the specialty “Pediatrics” (1997, 2000, 2003) for the Higher Medical Institutions of the Republic.